print — Displays the values init (i-rate) variables.
Performance
print -- print the current value of the i-time arguments (or expressions) iarg at every i-pass through the instrument.
![[Note]](images/note.png)
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Note |
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The print opcode will truncate decimal places and may not show the complete value. Csound's precision depends on whether it is the floats (32-bit) or double (64-bit) version, since most internal calculations use one of these formats. If you need more resolution in the console output, you can try printf. |
Examples
Here is an example of the print opcode. It uses the file print.csd.
Example 783. Example of the print opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform -odac ;;;realtime audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o print.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 0dbfs = 1 instr 1 irand = rnd(3) ;generate a random number from 0 to 3 print irand ;print it asig poscil .7, 440*irand, 1 outs asig, asig endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> f1 0 16384 10 1 ;sine wave i 1 0 1 i 1 2 1 i 1 4 1 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>
Its output should include lines like these:
instr 1: irand = 2.930
instr 1: irand = 0.420
instr 1: irand = 2.316