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atonex

Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.

atonex is equivalent to a filter consisting of more layers of atone with the same arguments, serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. They are faster than using a larger number instances in a Csound orchestra of the old opcodes, because only one initialization and k- cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor.

Syntax

ares = atonex(asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip])
ares = atonex(asig, ahp [, inumlayer] [, iskip])

ares atonex asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]
ares atonex asig, ahp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]

Initialization

inumlayer (optional) -- number of elements in the filter stack. Default value is 4.

iskip (optional, default=0) -- initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.

Performance

asig -- input signal

khp/ahp -- the response curve's half-power point. Half power is defined as peak power / root 2.

Examples

Here is an example of the atonex opcode. It uses the file atonex-modern.csd.

Example of the atonex opcode.
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<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac     ;;;RT audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o atonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs =  1

instr 1 ; unfiltered noise
  sig:a = rand(0.7)     ; white noise
  outs(sig, sig)
endin

instr 2 ; filtered noise
  sig:a = rand(0.7)     ; white noise
  hp:k = line(100, p3, 3000)
  filt:a = atonex(sig, hp, 32)

  ; Clip the filtered signal's amplitude to 85 dB.
  a1 = clip(filt, 2, ampdb(85))
  outs(a1, a1)
endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>

i 1 0 2
i 2 2 2

e

</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

Here is an example of the atonex opcode. It uses the file atonex.csd.

Example of the atonex opcode.
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<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac     ;;;RT audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o atonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs = 1

instr 1 ; unfiltered noise

asig    rand    0.7     ; white noise
        outs    asig, asig

endin

instr 2 ; filtered noise

asig    rand    0.7
khp     line    100, p3, 3000
afilt   atonex  asig, khp, 32

; Clip the filtered signal's amplitude to 85 dB.
a1      clip afilt, 2, ampdb(85)
        outs a1, a1
endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>

i 1 0 2
i 2 2 2

e

</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

See also

Standard filters: Hi-pass filters

Credits

Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)
Italy

New in Csound version 3.49

Audio rate parameters introduced in version 6.02

October 2013.