Skip to content

~

Bitwise NOT operator.

The bitwise operators perform operations of bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise NOT and bitwise non-equivalence.

The priority of these operators is less binding that the arithmetic ones, but more binding that the comparisons.

Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.

Syntax

~ a  (bitwise NOT)

where the argument \(a\) may be a further expression. It is converted to the nearest integer to machine precision and then the operation is performed.

Examples

Here is an example for the bitwise-group, comparing the different bitwise opcodes. It uses the file bitwise-group-modern.csd.

Example of the bitwise group.
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
--nosound
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr     = 44100
ksmps  = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs  = 1

; By Daniele Cucchi - 2020

;a & b: bitwise AND
;a | b: bitwise OR
;a # b: bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE - XOR
; ~ a: bitwise NOT

instr 1
  ArrayA:k[] = fillarray(0, 0, 1, 1)  ; Fill array "A" with 4 values: 0, 0, 1, 1
  i0A = i(ArrayA, 0)
  i1A = i(ArrayA, 1)
  i2A = i(ArrayA, 2)
  i3A = i(ArrayA, 3)

  ArrayB:k[] = fillarray(0, 1, 0, 1)  ; Fill array "B" with 4 values: 0, 1, 0, 1
  i0B = i(ArrayB, 0)
  i1B = i(ArrayB, 1)
  i2B = i(ArrayB, 2)
  i3B = i(ArrayB, 3)

  ; Bitwise operations & fill arrays
  AND:k[] = ArrayA & ArrayB
  OR:k[] = ArrayA | ArrayB
  NON:k[] = fillarray(i0B # i0A, i1B # i1A, i2B # i2A, i3B # i3A)
  NOT:k[] = fillarray(~i0A & 1, ~i1A & 1, ~i2A & 1, ~i3A & 1)

  ; Print values 
  printarray(AND, "%d", "= bitwise AND")
  printarray(OR, "%d", "= bitwise OR")
  printarray(NON, "%d", "= bitwise NON")
  printarray(NOT, "%d", "= bitwise NOT")
endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>
i1 0 0.001
e
</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

Here is an example for the bitwise-group, comparing the different bitwise opcodes. It uses the file bitwise-group.csd.

Example of the bitwise group.
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
--nosound
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr     =    44100
ksmps  =    32
nchnls =    2
0dbfs  =    1

; By Daniele Cucchi - 2020

;a & b: bitwise AND
;a | b: bitwise OR
;a # b: bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE - XOR
; ~ a: bitwise NOT

instr 1

kArrayA[] fillarray 0, 0, 1, 1  ; Fill array "A" with 4 values: 0, 0, 1, 1
i0A = i(kArrayA, 0)
i1A = i(kArrayA, 1)
i2A = i(kArrayA, 2)
i3A = i(kArrayA, 3)

kArrayB[] fillarray 0, 1, 0, 1  ; Fill array "B" with 4 values: 0, 1, 0, 1
i0B = i(kArrayB, 0)
i1B = i(kArrayB, 1)
i2B = i(kArrayB, 2)
i3B = i(kArrayB, 3)

; Bitwise operations & fill arrays
kAND[] = kArrayA & kArrayB
kOR[] = kArrayA | kArrayB
kNON[] fillarray i0B # i0A, i1B # i1A, i2B # i2A, i3B # i3A
kNOT[] fillarray  ~ i0A, ~ i1A, ~ i2A, ~ i3A

; Print values 
printarray kAND, "%d", "= bitwise AND"
printarray kOR, "%d", "= bitwise OR"
printarray kNON, "%d", "= bitwise NON"
printarray kNOT, "%d", "= bitwise NOT\n"

endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>
i1 0 1
e
</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

See also

Arithmetic and Logic Operations