Description

Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in

In such cases three rules apply:

1. * and / bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as

with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.

2. + and − bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:

is taken as

3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:

is taken as

Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.

Syntax

a *  b  (no rate restriction)

where the arguments a and b may be further expressions.

Arguments

The arguments of * can be scalar values or k-rate one dimensional arrays (vectors), or any combination. If one of the arguments is an array, so is the value.

Examples

Here is an example of the * operator. It uses the file multiplies.csd.

<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac     ;;;realtime audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o multiplies.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs  = 1

instr 1

kenv    expon 0.01, p3, 1
aout    poscil	0.8*kenv, 440, 1	;multiply amplitude from 0 to 1 * 0.8
printks "base amplitude * rising expon output = 0.8 * %f\n", .1, kenv
	outs 	aout, aout
endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>

f 1 0 16384 10 1	; sine wave

i 1 0 2

e

</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

Its output should include a line like this:

base amplitude * rising expon output = 0.8 * 0.010000
base amplitude * rising expon output = 0.8 * 0.012589
..........
base amplitude * rising expon output = 0.8 * 0.794328
base amplitude * rising expon output = 0.8 * 0.998466

See also

Arithmetic and Logic Operations

Credits

Arithmetic on vectors is new in version 6.00