Description

Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in

In such cases three rules apply:

1. * and / bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as

with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.

2. + and − bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:

is taken as

3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:

is taken as

Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.

Syntax

! a  (logical NOT; not audio-rate)

where the argument a may be further expressions.

Examples

Here is an example of the Logical NOT operator. It uses the file opnot.csd.

<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac    ;;;realtime audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o opand.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs  = 1

instr 1

kval    randomh 0, 1.2, 20		;choose between 0 and 1.2
if !(kval >0 && kval<=.5) then		;3 possible outcomes
	kval = 1			
elseif !(kval >.5 && kval<=1) then
	kval =2
elseif !(kval >1) then
	kval =3
endif

printk2 kval				;print value when it changes
asig    poscil .7, 440*kval, 1
        outs asig, asig

endin
</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>
f1 0 16384 10 1

i 1 0 5
e
</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

Its output should include lines like these:

 i1     1.00000
 i1     2.00000
 i1     1.00000
 i1     2.00000
 i1     1.00000
 i1     2.00000
 i1     1.00000
.....
      

See also

Arithmetic and Logic Operations